网络编程
[TOC]
InetAddress类的使用
一、实现网络通信需要解决的两个问题
1.如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机;定位主机上的特定的应用
2.找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输
二、网络通信的两个要素:
1.对应问题一:IP和端口号
2.对应问题二:提供网络通信协议:TCP/IP参考模型(应用层、传输层、网络层、物理+数据链路层)
三、通信要素一:IP和端口号
1.IP的理解
1.IP:唯一的标识 Internet 上的计算机(通信实体)
2.在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP
3.IP分类:IPv4 和 IPv6 ; 万维网 和 局域网
- 域名解析:域名容易记忆,当在连接网络时输入一个主机的域名后,域名服务器(DNS)负责将域名转化成IP地址,这样才能和主机建立连接。 ——-域名解析
5.本地回路地址:127.0.0.1 对应着:localhost
2.InetAddress类:此类的一个对象就代表着一个具体的IP地址
2.1实例化
getByName(String host) 、 getLocalHost()
2.2常用方法
getHostName() / getHostAddress()
3.端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程。
- 要求:不同的进程不同的端口号
- 范围:被规定为一个 16 位的整数 0~65535。
端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket
四、通信要素二:网络通信协议
1.分型模型
2.TCP和UDP的区别
3.TCP三次握手和四次挥手
TCP网络编程
代码示例1:客户端发送信息给服务端,服务端将数据显示在控制台上
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| @Test public void client() { Socket socket = null; OutputStream os = null; try { InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.14.100"); socket = new Socket(inet,8899); os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好,我是客户端mm".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(os != null){ try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
} if(socket != null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
} @Test public void server() { ServerSocket ss = null; Socket socket = null; InputStream is = null; ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; try { ss = new ServerSocket(8899); socket = ss.accept(); is = socket.getInputStream();
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[5]; int len; while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){ baos.write(buffer,0,len); }
System.out.println(baos.toString()); System.out.println("收到了来自于:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的数据"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(baos != null){ try { baos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(is != null){ try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(socket != null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(ss != null){ try { ss.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
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代码示例2:客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。
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@Test public void client() throws IOException { Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090); OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg")); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){ os.write(buffer,0,len); } fis.close(); os.close(); socket.close(); }
@Test public void server() throws IOException { ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090); Socket socket = ss.accept(); InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty1.jpg")); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len); } fos.close(); is.close(); socket.close(); ss.close();
}
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代码示例3:从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端。并关闭相应的连接。
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@Test public void client() throws IOException { Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090); OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg")); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){ os.write(buffer,0,len); } socket.shutdownOutput();
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] bufferr = new byte[20]; int len1; while((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){ baos.write(buffer,0,len1); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); fis.close(); os.close(); socket.close(); baos.close();
}
@Test public void server() throws IOException { ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090); Socket socket = ss.accept(); InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty2.jpg")); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len); }
System.out.println("图片传输完成"); OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好,美女,照片我已收到,非常漂亮!".getBytes()); fos.close(); is.close(); socket.close(); ss.close(); os.close();
}
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UDP网络编程
代码示例:
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| @Test public void sender() throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
String str = "我是UDP方式发送的导弹"; byte[] data = str.getBytes(); InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9090); socket.send(packet); socket.close();
}
@Test public void receiver() throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090); byte[] buffer = new byte[100]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length); socket.receive(packet); System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength())); socket.close();
}
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URL编程
统一资源定位符,对应着互联网的某一资源地址
2.URL的5个基本结构:
3.如何实例化:
URL url = new URL(“http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom");
4.常用方法:
5.可以读取、下载对应的url资源:
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| public static void main(String[] args) {
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null; InputStream is = null; FileOutputStream fos = null; try { URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg"); urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); urlConnection.connect(); is = urlConnection.getInputStream(); fos = new FileOutputStream("day10\\beauty3.jpg"); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len); } System.out.println("下载完成"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(is != null){ try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(fos != null){ try { fos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(urlConnection != null){ urlConnection.disconnect(); } }
}
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